across 如何“穿过”

【课本原句】 France is the Europe’s third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel. (P1)

【用法透视】across是介词，基本意思是“横过；穿过”，还可以表示“遍及；从…一边到另一边；在对面”等等。例如：

1.It’s dangerous for an old man to walk across such a crowded street.老人穿过这样拥挤的街道很危险。

2.A strong wind added to his difficulties, but he was able to swim across the channel.大风增加了他的困难，但他还是游过了海峡。

3.She was gazing across the sea, apparently ignorant of him.

她凝视着横渡大海，显然是无知的。

【超级链接】 1.与across相关的短语有：across the board全面地；包括一切地；across from在…对面；go across穿过，横过；走过；come across碰到，遇到

2.across和through辨析：这两个词都可以作介词，表示“穿过”，但在用法上不同：across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某物体的表面进行的；through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在某物体的空间进行的。例如：A woman is walking across the street.一位妇女正在穿过街道。Water flows through the pipe.水从这管子流过。

【牛刀小试】根据汉语意思完成下列句子：

1. 过马路时要左右看。

Look left and right before you go _______________ the street.

2. 这条河流经我们市

The river runs _______________ our city.

3. 我想你在伦敦没有碰见过他吧。

I suppose you never _______________ him in London.

4. 那个男孩丢下偷来的苹果，飞快地穿过果园逃走了。

The boy dropped the apples he had stolen and cut away the orchard.

5. 他们用斧子开辟出一条穿过森林的小道。

They used axes to clear a path _______________ the forest.

situated的“坐落”

【课本原句】Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid.(P2)

【用法透视】situated在本句中是形容词，意思是“坐落（某处）的”，用来说明地点的方位。另外，它还是动词situate的过去式和过去分词，意思是“使位于，使处于…地位（位置）”。例如：

1. The first-class compartment is situated at the front of the train.

头等车厢位于火车的前部。

2. His hotel is situated in one of the loveliest places on the Loire.

他的旅馆坐落在卢瓦尔的一个最优美的地方。

3. Most villages are situated in the lower valleys, where the climate is milder and the terrain more accommodating to people and livestock.

许多村庄坐落于海拔低的峡谷中，那里气候温和地形更适于人们和家畜居住。

【超级链接】situated常用的短语有：situated learning 情境学习 ; 情境性学习 ; situated knowledge 情境知识 ; situated automaton 情景自动机

【牛刀小试】根据汉语意思完成下列句子：

1. 餐车位于列车的中央。

The buffet is in the _______________ of the train.

2. 他的别墅位于河口。

His villa is _______________ at the _______________ of a river.

3. 野营地一般都位于海滨，靠近沙滩。

Camp sites ___________usually _________ along the coast, close to beaches.

for example的“例如”

【课本原句】In the United Kingdom, for example, the head of state is a king or queen.(P9)

【用法透视】for example意思是“例如”，表示举例，作插入语，同义词组such as.例如：

1. For example；I used to be afraid to be myself when I socialized with anyone.

例如，当与别人交往时我会感觉害怕，我意识到我害怕的是自己。

2 Books，for example, have authors and publishers.

例如，书籍都有作者和出版商。

3. What would you do if you met a wild animal - a lion, for example?

如果遇上野兽,例如狮子,你该怎么办?

【超级链接】for example与such as辨析：1. for example用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的"一个"为例,作插入语,可位于句首、句中或句末。2. 插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as后面一般不用逗号。有时such as可以和like换用。

【牛刀小试】根据汉语意思完成下列句子：

1. 例如,球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。

Ball games, _______________ ,have spread around the world.

2.有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语，例如法语和西班牙语。

Some of the European languages come from Latin, ____________ French and Spanish.

3. 这儿的许多人，例如约翰先生，宁愿喝咖啡。

A lot of people here, _______________ ,Mr John, would rather have coffee.

be famous for如何”出名”

【课本原句】The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafe and theatres.(P2)

【用法透视】be famous for意为“因为…而出名”， 后接出名的原因，与be known for同义。例如：

1.France is famous for his fine food and wine.

法国以美食和酒而出名。2.Now York is famous for its high buildings.

纽约以高楼大厦而闻名。

3.Beijing is famous for its history. Now it will be famous for holding the 2008 Olympic Games.

北京以它的历史而闻名。现在它将会因为举办2008年奥运会而闻名。

【超级链接】be famous for和be famous as辨析：

1.当主语是表示人的名词时，be famous for表示“以某种知识、技能、作品或特征而出名”，be famous as 则表示“以某种身份而出名”。 2.当主语是地点名词时，be famous for 表示“某地以某种特点（产品）而出名”；be famous as 则表示“某地以什么样的产地而出名”。3.当主语是事物名词时，be famous for表示“以其内容、特征、价值等而被人所知”；be famous as 则表示“以某种形式出名”。 总之，be famous for 后接宾语是主语的所属内容，be famous as后接宾语是主语的同位成分。

【牛刀小试】根据汉语意思完成下列句子：

1. 爱迪生以众多的发明而闻名于世。

Edison ____________ so many inventions.

2. 马克·吐温作为儿童故事作家而著称。

Mark Twin ____________ a children-story writer.

3. 这家餐馆的烤鸭很有名气。

This restaurant____________ roast duck.

【答案】

Key 1: 1.across 2.through 3.came through 4.across 5.through

Key 2:1.situated/center 2.situated/mouth 3.are situated

Key 3: 1.for example 2.such as 3.for example

Key 4: 1.was famous for 2.was famous as 3.is famous for

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